This program, in the form of a quiz show, encourages viewers to use their mind to reason. Two Johns Hopkins University engineering freshmen, Karvel Rose and Robert Abernethy, and two arts and sciences freshmen, Michael Kelley and Pudge Ellwood, are the contestants. Walter Millis, Jr. is the scorekeeper, and Dr. Eliezer Naddor, Johns Hopkins professor of industrial engineering, asks the questions and explains the answers to eight puzzles.

Lynn Poole summarizes the modern concept of foundations for philanthropy. Dr. Milton S. Eisenhower, president of Johns Hopkins University, reports that there are 7,000 private foundations in the U. S. with assets of over $7 billion. He discusses their varied interests noting that this program will focus on a representative foundation's private gifts to education. Henry T. Heald, president of the Ford Foundation, explains that the purpose of this foundation's twenty programs is to advance human welfare. Secretary of the Ford Foundation Joseph M. McDaniel points out that foundations can be discriminating, flexible, and can show by example. He describes the Ford Foundation's funding of both the Woodrow Wilson program for attracting able students into the teaching field and the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. Mr. McDaniel explains that about 400 applications are funded from the 5,000 received annually. These are selected because they seem to provide the best solutions to issues that are within the foundation's purpose and interests. Clarence H. Faust, president of the Fund for the Advancement of Education of the Ford Foundation, describes some of the teacher shortage solutions supported by this fund. For example, this fund contributes to new school construction, and in 1955 it partnered with the Carnegie Foundation to create the National Merit Scholarship Corp. to provide scholarships to send more students to college. Mr. Faust also discusses the "Hagerstown Project" in Washington County, MD where a grant from the Ford Foundation has supplied funds for a five-year experiment using closed circuit television for classroom instruction.

This program details the history and activity of the American whale fishing industry. Edouard Stackpole, curator and marine historian at Mystic Seaport, CT, describes the size and characteristics of sperm whales and right whales and how they were hunted, killed, and processed. He shows examples of products made from whale oil, in lieu of petroleum, and whale bone, later replaced by light metals and plastics. Photos and films taken aboard the wooden whaleship "Charles W. Morgan" show her last whale hunt, in 1921, including a "Nantucket sleigh ride." The "Morgan," which made 37 voyages in 80 years, was built in 1841 and is now restored at Mystic Seaport. Mr. Stackpole notes that the last whaler to set sail out of New Bedford was the "Wanderer" in 1924, but she wrecked fifteen miles out of port.

A biophysicist with the Research Institute for Advanced Studies, established by the Martin Company in Baltimore, MD., Dr. Hans Turnit explains the chemical process of photosynthesis and the life cycle of a plant vs. that of an animal. He also discusses lamella planes and shows a film clip of how materials can be taken from chloroplasts and made into monomolecular films or layers, as researched by Nobel Prize winner Irving Langmuir. Dr. Albert Krall, a plant biochemist at the same institute, discusses respiration of plants and reports the two problems his research is trying to solve: how energy is converted into chemical energy and by which enzymatic steps is energy stored. He notes that in 1828 Friedrich Wohler laid the foundation for organic chemistry, and in 1896 Eduard Buchner opened the era of biochemistry. Now the Calvin Group in California has traced the path of carbon through a plant during photosynthesis showing that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll to make organic compounds. Dr. Krall shows a mock-up model of a chloroplast with grana and a hypothetical model representing the enzymatic reaction during photosynthesis. Dr. Bessel Kok, a plant physiologist with the institute, describes a microscopic view of a plant cell. A time lapse film, by Dr. Jan Zurzicky, of chloroplasts under differing light intensities shows an example of light saturation. Since plants convert one-third of light energy into usable energy, photosynthesis from experimental large-scale algae farms could be a key source of energy and food in the future.

Lynn Poole provides a brief history of the origins and transmission of influenza. Dr. Charlotte Silverman, chief of the Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Maryland Department of Health, describes the production and activities of antibodies and the 1957 vaccination program, citing Dr. Maurice Hellerman at the Walter Reed Hospital as the person who identified the new type A strain of the Asian flu virus. She also explains the international character of the flu, which can cause epidemics and pandemics, such as the Spanish influenza outbreak of 1918-19, during which 25 million died. A film shows the work of the World Influenza Center in London where flu strains are collected and studied. Another film clip illustrates how Asian influenza virus vaccines are made in hens' eggs. Dr. Silverman describes how viewers can protect themselves and lessen spreading the virus. Finally, Dr. Silverman describes symptoms of the flu and offers suggestions for treatment of it.

Lynn Poole and models Dick Manson and Barbara Casey demonstrate how bones and muscles function with our actions. Dr. William Montagna, professor of biology at Brown University, looks at bones from an artistic point of view. He displays the lumbar vertebrae of both a whale and a human and notes their structure. He contrasts the humerus from the upper arm, the scapula from the shoulder, and the carpal bones of the wrist. Comparing the skulls of a man and a woman, Dr. Montagna explains the differences. The three types of joints he lists are the fused in the skull, the hinge-type in the elbow, and the ball and socket in the shoulder and hip. Investigating the interior of bones, Dr. Montagna shows the frontal sinuses of the head and compares the spongy bone material at each end of a bone to a bridge structure. For strength and resiliency, bones require both organic and inorganic substance, which Dr. Montagna demonstrates with bones lacking one or the other. A diagram shows how the endosteum and the periosteum balance bone growth. X-ray films compare the hands of a three-year-old, which has cartilage at the end of each bone, and a thirty-year-old, which has bone in place. Dr. Montagna concludes that bone is a living tissue, as evidenced by its mechanism to repair itself quickly.

This program is about wordless language and is based on the book "Nonverbal Communication" by Weldon Kees and Jurgen Ruesch. Numerous photos and film clips show a series of nonverbal symbols, human movement, attitudes and emotions, social interaction, gestures, and art forms. Famous mime Marcel Marceau performs "Youth, Maturity, and Old Age." Also included are film clips from "The Little Fugitive" and photos from "The Family of Man" exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art. Sam Cobean, James Thurber, and Charles Stehling provide cartoons. Represented photographers include W. Eugene Smith, Hugh Bell, Ruth Orkin, Roy Stevens, Fred Plaut, Gjon Mili, and Robert Willoughby.

Lynn Poole shows the proceedings of "A Chemical Basis of Heredity," a symposium of biochemists and geneticists. Dr. Kenneth Monty, a biochemist professor at Johns Hopkins University, discusses research on the effect of radiation on chromosomes and Russian A. I. Oparin's theory of the origin of life. A chart shows single-celled organisms, such as amoebae, and Dr. Monty comments on reproduction from a single cell. The 1953 Urey-Miller experiment attempted to recreate the conditions of the primordial atmosphere with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen resulting in the precursors of amino acids, the main components of living cells. Scientist Sidney Fox also discovered that amino acids will organize spontaneously into protein molecules. Animated segments show amino acids, proteins, and nucleotides and how accidents in the original cells resulted in mutation, heredity, and evolution. Nucleic acids are the carriers of heredity and responsible for transformation. Dr. Franco Rasetti, a Johns Hopkins professor of physics who worked with Enrico Fermi in Rome, discusses his 10,000-specimen collection of trilobites or fossilized remains of marine life. He shows specimens and photos of various trilobites as old as 500 million years and notes that there is a gap between one-celled organisms and these diversified forms of life from the Cambrian Period. He shows a map of Cambrian rock exposures in the U. S. and briefly explains how to find and remove fossils.

A dramatization of feudal lords, ladies, minstrels, fools, and acrobats in a banquet hall illustrates points about medieval life in this program. Dr. Sidney Painter, professor of history at The Johns Hopkins University, discusses chivalry, from the French "chevalier", or knight, referring to the ideals of the knightly class. He summarizes the events of the Middle Ages and notes that warfare and women were the guiding influences of that period. The knights, originally barbarous in desires and actions, listened to "chansons de geste", poems of war, but they became more civilized as troubadours changed their tunes. "The Story of Roland", for example, suggests that knights were to protect the church and punish criminals. Courtly poems laid the foundation for "preux", a term denoting prowess and all the virtues of chivalry. Women such as Eleanor of Aquitaine and her daughter Marie further influenced men's behavior by supporting such troubadours as Chretien De Troyes, who wrote "Erec et Enide".

Lynn Poole contrasts the expressions in war paintings by Richard Eurich and Jose Orozco and notes that a picture is an artist's way of representing his experiences and reactions to an event. Dr. William A. McDonald, assistant director of the Baltimore Museum of Art, explains the artist's creative process. He compares naturalism vs. emotional reaction to a subject by comparing two paintings of cats. Artists may distort form, color, or size to emphasize qualities that are important. Both artists and sculptors use horizontal lines to express serenity and diagonal or curved lines for movement, as exemplified in the dance movements of a Kirchner painting and a Matisse sculpture. Dr. McDonald discusses the heavy black lines, borrowed from stained glass making, in Georges Rouault's "The Crucifixion," and the swirling lines in Vincent Van Gogh's "Starry Night," an example of expressionism. The German expressionists were influenced by the abstract art of Africa and used lines to evoke inner feelings. Displayed examples of this school include a Pechstein woodcut, a Kathe Kollwitz drawing, a Heckel self-portrait, and Miro's happier painting "Summer." Dr. McDonald explains the use of distortion in El Greco's "Laokoon" and Pablo Picasso's "Guernica," which he compares with Orozco's "Dive Bomber and Tank" shown in the opening of the program.