Born in Detroit, Michigan on September 18, 1951, Dr. Benjamin Carson received his B.A. in psychology from Yale University and his M.D. from the University of Michigan Medical School, after which he became a resident in neurosurgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. At the Hospital, he was a professor of neurosurgery, oncology, and pediatrics, specializing in brain injuries and notably separating conjoined twins in 1987. While practicing medicine and since retiring in 2013, Carson has served on numerous boards of trustees, received medals such as Presidential Medal of Freedom, published academic articles and six books, and undertaken a career in politics. In this oral history, Carson describes his relationship with Hopkins, the unique character of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and his work as a doctor. This oral history is part of the Mame Warren oral histories series.

Lynn Poole discusses abnormally conjoined twins and shows a poster of the Biddenden Maids of England and a photo of Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins. Dr. Francis Schwentker of Johns Hopkins Medical School, explains the odds of having twins, triplets, and quadruplets and the heredity factor of twinning. Two pairs of twin nurses at the Johns Hopkins Hospital exemplify the difference between identical and fraternal twins. Using charts, Dr. Schwentker explains how conjoined twins occur when the germplasm fails to cleave, and he shows examples of posterior, anterior, lateral, and cranial connections. Dr. A. Earl Walker, Director of Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, describes the December 17, 1952 surgical separation of the Brodie twins in Chicago. Using a diagram, X-rays, and a medical model, Dr. Walker offers a general explanation of the procedure and considerations in separating these boys joined at the top of the head. The stronger twin was given the venus sinus, which they shared, and a tantalum plate was used to cover the exposed brain. Both twins were still alive at the close of this program.